will your ot data sink or swim in the it ocean?

你的ot數(shù)據(jù)是否會(huì)在it海洋中沉??？

why is operational technology data (ot data) continuing to make major inroads into the inbbbbational technology (it) world? what factors are causing ot data to leave its comfort zone and stepping into a new frontier? and why is this step imperative for the next generation of industrial automation?

為什么運(yùn)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)（ot數(shù)據(jù)）會(huì)進(jìn)入it世界？是什么讓ot數(shù)據(jù)離開舒適區(qū)、進(jìn)入新領(lǐng)域？為什么這一步對(duì)于下一代工業(yè)自動(dòng)化至關(guān)重要？

according to moxa, the reasons ot data is leaving its safe nest are closely tied to today's operational needs. it has to do with how we’re using ot data. to better understand, let’s consider the evolution of ot data, starting with industry 2.0. this era saw the introduction of electricity and assembly-line production, which bbbbbbed the invention of controllers to better manage devices on the factory floor as mass production gained trbbbbbb. by using a simple on-and-off switch, these controllers helped complete simple routine tasks. back then, data was few in quantity and stayed within the confines of the devices that generated them. in its infancy, ot data of the industry 2.0 era was limited to activities within its own devices.

在moxa看來(lái)，之所以要ot數(shù)據(jù)離開舒適區(qū)，與今天的運(yùn)營(yíng)需求密切相關(guān)，也與我們?nèi)绾问褂胦t數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)。讓我們從工業(yè)2.0時(shí)代開始，看一看ot數(shù)據(jù)的演變。工業(yè)2.0時(shí)代，人們引入了電力和流水線生產(chǎn)，推動(dòng)了控制器的發(fā)明，可以更好地控制工廠車間的設(shè)備，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)也隨之發(fā)展起來(lái)?？刂破魍ㄟ^(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的開關(guān)操作，幫助人們完成簡(jiǎn)單的常規(guī)任務(wù)。那時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)量很小，并停留在產(chǎn)生數(shù)據(jù)的設(shè)備范圍內(nèi)。在其初期，工業(yè)2.0時(shí)代的ot數(shù)據(jù)的活動(dòng)范圍也僅限于其自身設(shè)備之內(nèi)。

the third industrial revolution introduced system automation as the new standard. advancements in computing and communication technologies enabled automated processes to connect and "talk to each other." this was achieved by adding sensors to the original controllers, a step that created a closed loop involving sensors gathering data and sending it back to the controller for some preliminary calculations. based on these calculations, feedbacks helped complete the command. this signified the first step taken by ot data from existing solely within devices to it circulating between a few devices in a closed loop.

第三次工業(yè)革命引入了系統(tǒng)自動(dòng)化的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。計(jì)算和通信技術(shù)的進(jìn)步促使自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程具備了聯(lián)通能力。人們通過(guò)為原始控制器增加傳感器、創(chuàng)建閉環(huán)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這種連接和通信。該閉環(huán)包含傳感器收集數(shù)據(jù)，再將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送回控制器，以進(jìn)行初步計(jì)算。基于這些計(jì)算，控制器會(huì)生成相應(yīng)反饋，幫助完成命令。這標(biāo)志著ot數(shù)據(jù)從僅存在于設(shè)備內(nèi)部到在幾個(gè)設(shè)備之間閉環(huán)循環(huán)所邁出的第一步。

along with further technological advancements, the evolution of ot data was inevitable. with the advent of industry 4.0, or industrial digital transbbbbation, managers are no longer satisfied with only preprogrammed automation. they now demand a smart, self-thinking system, pushing mandates for ot data to the next level. so, the big question now is how to maximize ot data’s true value.

隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，ot數(shù)據(jù)的演變也隨之而來(lái)。進(jìn)入工業(yè)4.0（工業(yè)數(shù)位轉(zhuǎn)型）時(shí)代，人們不再僅僅滿足于預(yù)編程的自動(dòng)化，而需要一種能夠自我思考的智能系統(tǒng)。這使對(duì)ot數(shù)據(jù)的要求提升到了全新水平?，F(xiàn)在最大的問題是如何最大化 ot 數(shù)據(jù)的真正價(jià)值。

to achieve this feat, ot data has had to extend beyond its original dwellings and step into data centers or the cloud for further analysis, a move that can improve production efficiency, enhance quality, reduce costs, and even provide new business services. this kick-started a phenomenon that turned protected and localized ot data into usable data when transmitting it to remote it systems and feeding it back to the ot side for real-time optimization. this phenomenon is what moxa refers to as the everlasting data stream, in which data continuously circulates between ot and it, bbbbing a lasting loop.

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)壯舉，需要讓ot數(shù)據(jù)走出原有活動(dòng)范圍，進(jìn)入數(shù)據(jù)中心或云端完成進(jìn)一步分析，以盡可能提高生產(chǎn)效率、提升生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量、降低成本，甚至提供新的商業(yè)服務(wù)。這賦予ot數(shù)據(jù)新的價(jià)值：受保護(hù)的本地ot數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)竭h(yuǎn)程it系統(tǒng)，再反饋給ot端，實(shí)時(shí)優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程，這些數(shù)據(jù)因此成為可以指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)的有用數(shù)據(jù)。這種現(xiàn)象就是moxa所說(shuō)的永恒數(shù)據(jù)流：數(shù)據(jù)在ot和it之間不斷循環(huán)，形成持續(xù)的閉環(huán)。

as an example, let's look at an auto parts manufacturer moxa has worked with. this factory had “bottleneck equipment,” which meant all items had to go through that specific equipment during the manufacturing process. therefore, if the equipment stopped, so did the entire production line, making maintenance of this equipment imperative. considering the high stakes, the manufacturer wanted to perbbbb predictive maintenance on it to anticipate the parts that might wear out and stock up in advance to avoid stalling the production because of shortages. in the end, the manufacturer installed additional sensors to the bottleneck equipment. the necessary ot data could then be gathered in real-time and sent to cloud computing for analysis. this industry 4.0 solution gave management insights into the status of every part, complete with the in-depth prediction analysis needed to take further bbbbbbs.

以moxa合作的一家汽車零部件制造商為例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。這家工廠中存在“瓶頸設(shè)備”，這意味著所有物品在制造過(guò)程中都必須通過(guò)某一特定設(shè)備。因此，如果該設(shè)備停止工作，整個(gè)生產(chǎn)線也會(huì)停止，對(duì)這一特定設(shè)備的維護(hù)便顯得極為重要?？紤]到這種高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，制造商希望對(duì)該設(shè)備進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)性維護(hù)，預(yù)測(cè)哪些部件可能會(huì)磨損，并提前補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存，避免因部件短缺而導(dǎo)致生產(chǎn)停滯。他們還為該瓶頸設(shè)備安裝了額外的傳感器。傳感器收集必要的ot數(shù)據(jù)，并將其發(fā)送到云計(jì)算平臺(tái)進(jìn)行分析。最后，云平臺(tái)計(jì)算零件的狀態(tài)并將預(yù)測(cè)反饋給管理人員，以采取進(jìn)一步的行動(dòng)。

is ot data ready to swim in the it ocean?

ot數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備好在it領(lǐng)域暢游了嗎？

while moving data from an ot domain to an it domain seems to paint a rose-colored world, a few considerations are required before diving headfirst into the deep end. moxa proposes these three things to consider before taking this leap:

雖然將數(shù)據(jù)從ot領(lǐng)域移動(dòng)到it領(lǐng)域的設(shè)想很美妙，但需三思而后行。moxa提出，在邁出這一飛躍性的一步前，有三個(gè)需要考慮的要素：

data interoperability: the first and most common challenge encountered when ot data is moving beyond its original confines is the interoperability of ot/it data. since the communication protocols used in the ot field are often vastly different from the ones it use, systems often run into communication errors. for example, when the ot data output shows a single “5" with no context, it will never know that the number 5 represents "machine speed" thus stalling the lines of communication. for the ot/it data cycle to materialize, and for the data to move among the two domains freely, preprocessing ot data is required.

數(shù)據(jù)互操作性: 當(dāng)ot數(shù)據(jù)越過(guò)其原始范圍時(shí)，遇到的第一個(gè)也是最常見的挑戰(zhàn)是ot/it數(shù)據(jù)的互操作性。由于ot領(lǐng)域使用的通信協(xié)議通常與 it 領(lǐng)域大不相同，系統(tǒng)在兩者之間嘗試發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)通信錯(cuò)誤。例如，當(dāng) ot 數(shù)據(jù)輸出顯示一個(gè)沒有上下文的“5”時(shí)，it無(wú)法得知數(shù)字5代表“機(jī)器速度”，通信線路也會(huì)因此阻塞。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)ot/it數(shù)據(jù)循環(huán)和兩域間數(shù)據(jù)的順暢移動(dòng)，需要對(duì)ot數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理。

data integrity: the second challenge is whether ot data can be transmitted in its entirety via connectivity technologies. this is especially challenging because of many disturbances found in ot environments, such as electromagnetic waves generated when devices start, extreme temperatures, harsh environments, and even the mutual interference between the control network and the ot data network, all of which may cause communication disconnection or instability. disconnection may cause incomplete or dropped transmissions, resulting in erroneous analysis and, by extension, erroneous decision-making. in cases like this, it is important to strengthen the "resilience of data transmission” to ensure that data is bbbbbbly transmitted in its entirety.

數(shù)據(jù)完整性: 第二個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)是互聯(lián)技術(shù)能否保障ot數(shù)據(jù)的完整傳輸。這尤其具有挑戰(zhàn)性，因?yàn)樵趏t環(huán)境中存在許多干擾，例如設(shè)備啟動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的電磁波、極端溫度、惡劣環(huán)境，甚至控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)和ot數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間會(huì)相互干擾。這些干擾可能導(dǎo)致通信中斷或通信不穩(wěn)定。通信中斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致傳輸不完整或丟包，導(dǎo)致分析出錯(cuò)，進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤決策。在這種情況下，必須加強(qiáng)“數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)幕謴?fù)力”，以確保及時(shí)完整地傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。

data security: finally, the more valuable ot data becomes, the more important it is to secure its transmission. cybersecurity was not much of an issue in the past since the physical barriers of a factory were most likely enough to protect the data that was contained within its walls. however, now that we connect ot data to it systems or to the cloud, its old protective shells no longer work. therefore, how to strengthen "ot network’s security" will become a required focal point for enterprises.

數(shù)據(jù)安全: 最后，ot數(shù)據(jù)越有價(jià)值，傳輸?shù)陌踩跃驮街匾＞W(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題在過(guò)去并不嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)楣S的物理屏障幾乎足以保護(hù)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)。但是，現(xiàn)在我們將ot數(shù)據(jù)連接到it系統(tǒng)或云平臺(tái)，原來(lái)的保護(hù)措施便不再起作用。因此，如何加強(qiáng)“ot網(wǎng)絡(luò)的安全”將成為企業(yè)需要關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。